Booth, a stage actor, had ties to the Confederate cause. The reconstruction period had its successes and failures. The Learning Page at the American Memory Project of the Library of Congress includes a set of activities to develop primary document skills. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. - Evaluating Reconstruction - Evaluating Reconstruction - Course Booth assassinated President Lincoln on April 14, 1865 during the performance of a play in Washington, D.C.s Fords Theater. The carpetbaggers, so named because of how they travelled light with inexpensive luggage made of fabric, were largely a benign group of Northern Republicans seeking a fresh start in the South (despite Southern Democrats fears to the contrary). Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. WebWhat is Reconstruction? After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. Compose and turn in for a grade a 2-4 page brief for the historian in Activity 2 that more fully evaluates the views presented in the document covered by his or her group. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Many went to work in the mills. TQSCQIf@*$ This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. What was the immediate cause of Johnson's impeachment? that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. Ex. His campaign theme was "Let Us Have Peace," and he tried his best to promote sectional and racial harmony throughout the country. What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. He talked about punishing the traitors and breaking up the large plantations, but at the same time, he supported states' rights and had little sympathy for blacks. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. Its members where southern whites that did not agree with the ideas of Reconstruction. The objective is to show the students how the combination of facts, opinions, statistics, and pictures can broaden their understanding of a subject. Weighted against growth in the North, the South fared poorer by all economic gauges. beOai4sA 'aKjlNa )u1d[I{4{[ @vKZtQUGm1)V8'. Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. Why Did Reconstruction Come to an End? Reconstruction came to an end as a direct result of too many Southerners opposing the reconstruction. Hayes would be president with the understanding that he would deal 'justly' with the south (leave them alone and allow them to restore white supremacy. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. (.EVDY(*BAwz{}}$awd$J7 IBFQ` Most people in the Union supported the Confederacy's they wre industrialists and bankers. The Reconstruction Act was refined by subsequent legislation. from your Reading List will also remove any The period following the Civil War in which Congress passed laws designed to rebuild the country and bring Southern states back into the Union What was a And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. for freed slaves. Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. They came from a wide variety of backgrounds ranging from highly-educated professionals to former Civil War soldiers. For the most part, women were unsuccessful in their own fight for voting rights. Distinguish the central and driving ideas at work in the documents used to illustrate this lesson. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Segregation laws would sunset and have to be repealed within the next 20 years. What were the provisions of the first Reconstruction Act? Established the concepts of birthright citizenship (anyone born within U.S. boundaries or territories subject to the jurisdiction of U.S. law was automatically a U.S. citizen, excluding Indians) and equal protection of the law. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. WebActivity #2: Evaluating ReconstructionThe Fourteenth Amendment Directions: It is the year 1877 and, in the wake of the election of Rutherford B. Hayes, Union troops finally have been It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. xT+&DLeD Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. To the north, it looked like slavery in a new form. Segregation laws were legal in former Confederate states only. Similarly, there were those in the South who turned their bitterness at losing the war into a default position of hostility to all efforts to move forward. A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. Congress established a joint committee to review Reconstruction policy and set further conditions for readmitting states. A time of rebuilding the South after the Civil War to resolve the South's problems and bring it back into the Union. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. WebReconstruction Question 6 900 seconds Q. Reconstruction Era National Historic Park in Beaufort, South Carolina defines Reconstruction as having started in 1861 (the beginning of the American Civil War) and lasting until the early twentieth century. Georgia, along with Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia, had to satisfy an additional condition: ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited the states from denying a citizen the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. no, although many blacks stopped participating. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream Use information gathered from the interactive maps to inform their understanding of the political, social, and economic problems confronting the nation in the wake of Reconstruction. Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. wF.*is5oGYqUTsaqrY)$y, "beVv1=;"urk{k"56#UEli[EB9}qJ=YY@jOU{[89K,2M`` Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. was a name for southern whites who supported Reconstruction in the South, often Republican. The 15th Amendment became an unenforced dead letter by the late nineteenth century. Conclusion: The Effects of Reconstruction - Course Hero This meant that Southern governments frequently were in the hands of novices: for example, inexperienced (and sometimes illiterate) freedmen andworse yet, from the point of view of many Southern loyalistsNortherners who had moved in the wake of war to assist in the recovery effort. The effects of the Civil War and of Reconstructionparticularly in the Southcontinue to shape and to be a contentious subject in our politics today. answer choices Why did white southerners move to take the vote away from blacks at the end of the century? first hand documnets or eye witness accounts from this time. How did whites regain political control in the south? In all, the history of Reconstruction was an object lesson in the limitations of persuasion in politicsas was the history of the Civil War that preceded it. Reconstruction Who became president when Lincoln was assassinated? %PDF-1.5 % What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? Who were the group of people known as carpetbaggers who emerged in the Reconstruction-era South? the amendment stating that all people born in the US have the same rights and are all born equal under the law. The official era of Reconstruction came to a close with the Compromise of 1877. President Johnson vetoed the Act, but Congress overrode his veto to pass it. How would you evaluate corruption in the Reconstruction legislatures? The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans in What connections do you see between the realities in Latin America and South Africa? Ulysses S. Grant was confronted with these momentous questions upon his election to the presidency in 1868. To provide African Americans access to government services, To desegregate Southern society and institutions, To restrict the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force, To repeal the slave codes that were in place before the war. The authors of the documents were selected to show a variety of contrasting views and also to reflect the different ways that Reconstruction affected various populations. Grant Administration; Reconstruction Ends, Next Congressmen? Determined to prevent Johnson from interfering with their plan, Radical Republicans pushed through two pieces of legislation in March 1867 intended to severely limit presidential power. . Segregation was legal, as long as the notion of separate but equal was being followed. His policies after he became president were even more lenient than Lincoln's, and they caused a confrontation with the Radical Republicans in Congress that culminated in his impeachment. Evaluating Reconstruction - Central/Southern Tier RAEN Describe the general character of the social conditions within the nation in the aftermath of Reconstruction. There were those who used their positions for exploitation. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. Compute the acceleration of the particle after 2 seconds -30. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. For more detailed information on the process of Reconstruction, the teacher is encouraged to visit America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War; for a timeline of major events of Reconstruction during the war itself, of particular use is Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation. 5. What was President Johnsons role in the period of Radical Reconstruction that took place in 1867 and 1868? If this activity does not load, try refreshing your browser. WebEvaluating Reconstruction As the Civil War was drawing to a close in 1865, President Lincoln began making plans for the physical, economic, social and political rehabilitation of a region WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that the redeemers. Laws passed by the South during Presidential Reconstruction that regulated the lives of freed slaves. It gave native born blacks citizenship. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. vague-treason, bribery, or other high crimes or misdemeanors. All of the amendments were made to protect former slaves and their rights but on paper they did not have any rights. Chapter 16 HUKo@+VaX@R)nQ1 cwfgK.^|[EsyRBoe &:|. iqQ1c@:)~ TBSQs*qUN!hGm!y~ ;9Yz`E_>| ? :d l%Ope,s/4*rxWOOORcH!G*Q-9#E&iP@Lm6DE#4rt>Oi>'~h[WFW8D'UF1;6>3R^}kE`VqL0, DLi] ZP7 ~K]M6 If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. Who had been his early political supporters? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. the South divided into 5 military districts, follow the worksheet and think about how this person would feel about Reconstruction. During Reconstruction, Johnson did not believe there was anything to be gained by promoting equal rights for African Americans. What tactics were used? Women still could not vote. Southern States had to approve the 13Amendment 2) Southern states had to nullify seceding from the union. Underline each complement and indicate what kind of complement each one is. Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Explain your choice. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. blacks could vote and hold office. 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Think. In the Senate? But how much really changed? Microbiology CH9 Genetic Change and Genome Ev. Provided food, clothes, transportation, etc. Did black legislatures outnumber whites in any state legislatures? With the assistance of original historical documents, students will consider the ways different perceptions from leading political figures about the outcomes of Reconstruction affected the political debate and the political future of the nation. States had to ratify the 13th & 14th amendment, and enacted Military Control of Reconstruction with the Military Reconstruction Act. Po^dl=X7K1*,@~]^[ #Uh"d that they had to keep the black vote in the south and protect black voting rights in order to win future elections. What legal loopholes did Southerners create to resist African American equality? Who did the states and congress give free land to? Blacks that did not have jobs could be put in jail, and therefore took the first job (even bad jobs) offered to them. Ten Southern states were placed under the control of military leaders until such time as they passed the Fourteenth Amendment and put state constitutions in place that aligned with the United States Constitution. How did many Southern states work around the voting rights guaranteed in the Fifteenth Amendment? Alternative means of assessment include asking the students to do either or both of the following: 1. The new state legislatures adopted socalled black codes to keep the newly freed African Americans, or freedmen, in their place. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? Which plan was the hardest on the South? Grant's victory came in large part to nearly 500,000 black voters in the South who overwhelmingly voted for him and the Republican party during the election. The war devastated the Southern economy and population, leaving a lot of hard feelings towards the victorious North. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him.